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|AKA = ''Brześć Litewski Ghetto'' |Location = Brześć, German-occupied Poland |Date = December 16, 1941 to |Incident type = Imprisonment, starvation, mass shootings |Perpetrators = |Participants = |Organizations = Nazi SS |Victims = 18,000 Polish Jews |Survivors = |Witnesses = |Documentation = |Memorials = |Notes = }} The Brześć Ghetto or the Ghetto in Brest on the Bug, also: Brześć nad Bugiem Ghetto, and Brest-Litovsk Ghetto ((ポーランド語:getto w Brześciu nad Bugiem), (イディッシュ語: ברעסט-ליטאָווסק)) was a World War II Jewish ghetto created on December 16, 1941 in occupied Poland, six months after Nazi Germany overrun the Soviet occupation zone under the codename Operation Barbarossa. Less than a year later, 1942, most of approximately 20,000 Jewish inhabitants of Brześć were massacred; over 5,000 were executed locally around the Brest Fortress on the orders of Karl Eberhard Schöngarth;〔 the rest in the secluded forest, after being sent in Holocaust trains to Bronna Góra (the Bronna Mount, (ベラルーシ語:Бронная гара)) mass killing site.〔The statistical data compiled on the basis of ( "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland" ) by ''Virtual Shtetl'' Museum of the History of the Polish Jews , as well as ( "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon'', ) and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm . Accessed .〕 ==Background== Before World War II, Brześć nad Bugiem (known as Brześć Litewski before the partitions, now Brest, Belarus) was the capital of Polesie Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic (1918–39) with the most visible Jewish presence. In the twenty years of Poland's sovereignty, of the total of 36 brand new schools established in the city, there were ten public, and five private Jewish schools inaugurated, with Yiddish and Hebrew as the language of instruction. The first ever Jewish school in Brześć history opened in 1920, almost immediately after Poland's return to independence. In 1936 Jews constituted 41.3% of the Brześć population, or 21,518 citizens. Some 80.3% of private enterprises were owned by Jews. Before World War I, Brześć (then known as Brest-Litovsk) was controlled by the Russian Empire for a hundred years following the partitions of Poland,〔Norman Davies, ''God's Playground'' (Polish edition), Second volume, p.512-513〕 and all commercial activity was largely neglected.〔 〕〔, (''Polish-Belarusian relations under the Soviet occupation''). ''Bialorus.pl'' 〕 Brest-Litovsk (Brześć Litewski) was renamed as Brześć nad Bugiem (Brest on the Bug) in reborn Poland on March 20, 1923.〔Kancelaria Sejmu RP (2013), (Dz.U. 1923 nr 39 poz. 269 ) ISAP Archive. Link to PDF document.〕 Just before the outbreak of World War II, there was an anti-Jewish riot at the bazaar in Brześć on May 15, 1939. Some Jewish sources categorize it as ''Polish'' although ethnic Belarusians constituted 17.8% of the population,〔 and preached militant nationalism among its youth similar to local Ukrainians and Russians, under systematic indoctrination by Soviet emissaries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brześć Ghetto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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